Cataracts are opacifications of the lens in the eye. There are multiple types and may be caused by a number of mechanisms including trauma, infections, metabolic errors, and gene mutations. This is one of a number of congenital cataracts located at the front (anterior) surface.
This type of cataract is present at birth and usually does not progress. The opacity is located at the very front (anterior) of the lens in the form of a dot or small plaque. There is usually little if any interference with vision. No systemic abnormalities have been found.
Most anterior polar cataracts occur sporadically. In the few families reported, the pattern of transmission is parent-to-child as is characteristic of autosomal dominant disorders. The gene mutation responsible has not been identified.
Anterior polar cataracts are usually diagnosed by ophthalmologists. The prognosis is excellent as they usually do not progress and surgery is seldom required.