HDLDT1

This disorder of lipoprotein metabolism is associated in many cases with corneal infiltrates, cicatricial ectropion, poor lid closure, and exposure keratopathy.  The corneal clouding alone generally cause little reduction of acuity but those with poor lid function and exposure keratopathy may have severe vision loss.  There may be weakness in the periorbital and lid muscles.  The corneal infiltration occurs late in life but is progressive with older individuals having the greatest visual impairment.  The corneal infiltrates are described as a “dot-like haze”, more prominent centrally and located in the stroma.  On electron microscopy, deposits in the conjunctiva are described as birefringent lipid particles located in pericytes and fibrocytes.  Lipid deposition occurs throughout the body including the conjunctiva.  Corneal hypesthesia has been reported.

In a series of 13 patients, ectropion and corneal scarring were reported in 3 and corneal infiltrates in 9.  Four had orbicular muscle weakness.  The latter together with corneal hypesthesia may be the earliest ocular signs of Tangier disease and should suggest the diagnosis even before the corneal clouding occurs.