Hereditary Ocular Diseases
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Hypotrichosis with Juvenile Macular Degeneration

Clinical Characteristics
Ocular Features: 

Macular dystrophy usually becomes symptomatic before the second decade of life but retinal evidence of macular degeneration can be seen in the first decade.   EOG is usually normal while the ERG responses are decreased early and with time decrease further in amplitude.  Pattern reversal VEPs are significantly subnormal even while vision is relatively good.  Visual acuity decreases slowly in spite of significant deterioration of cone- and rod-mediated retinal function.  Retinal pigmentary changes consisting of irregular clumping and areas of hypopigmentation are evident in the macular and perimacular areas and sometimes beyond.  Most patients eventually become blind. 

Systemic Features: 

Scalp hair loss occurs during the first months of life but the alopecia does not affect eyebrows or eyelashes unlike that seen in the EEM disorder [1] (225280 [2])  which in addition has digital and dental anomalies.  Partial regrowth may occur during puberty.  Light and electron microscopy of hair shafts may reveal pili torti, longitudinal ridging with scaling, and fusiform beading but these are not present in all patients. 

Genetics

This is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from homozygous mutations in the CDH3 [3] gene located at 16q22.1.

EEM syndrome [1] (225280 [2]) is an allelic disorder with similar hair and retinal features plus dental, digital and limb anomalies.  The hypotrichosis also involves the eyebrows and eyelashes in this disorder, however. 

Treatment
Treatment Options: 

There is no known treatment for this disorder. 

References
Article Title: 

Hypotrichosis and juvenile macular dystrophy caused by CDH3 mutation: A candidate disease for retinal gene therapy [4]

Singh MS, Broadgate S, Mathur R, Holt R, Halford S, MacLaren RE. Hypotrichosis and juvenile macular dystrophy caused by CDH3 mutation: A candidate disease for retinal gene therapy. Sci Rep. 2016 May 9;6:23674.

PubMed ID: 
27157923

Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy: clinical and electrophysiological assessment of visual function [5]

Leibu R, Jermans A, Hatim G, Miller B, Sprecher E, Perlman I. Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy: clinical and electrophysiological assessment of visual function. Ophthalmology. 2006 May;113(5):841-7.e3.

PubMed ID: 
16650681

A missense mutation in CDH3, encoding P-cadherin, causes hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy [6]

Indelman M, Bergman R, Lurie R, Richard G, Miller B, Petronius D, Ciubutaro D, Leibu R, Sprecher E. A missense mutation in CDH3, encoding P-cadherin, causes hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy. J Invest Dermatol. 2002 Nov;119(5):1210-3.

PubMed ID: 
12445216
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Source URL:https://disorders.eyes.arizona.edu/disorders/hypotrichosis-juvenile-macular-degeneration

Links
[1] https://disorders.eyes.arizona.edu/disorders/eem-syndrome [2] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/225280 [3] http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/CDH3 [4] https://disorders.eyes.arizona.edu/references/hypotrichosis-and-juvenile-macular-dystrophy-caused-cdh3-mutation-candidate-disease-0 [5] https://disorders.eyes.arizona.edu/references/hypotrichosis-juvenile-macular-dystrophy-clinical-and-electrophysiological-assessment [6] https://disorders.eyes.arizona.edu/references/missense-mutation-cdh3-encoding-p-cadherin-causes-hypotrichosis-juvenile-macular