OMIM ID:
Retinal Dystrophy, Newfoundland Type
Alternate Names
Defective Genes
Clinical Characteristics
Ocular Features
There is considerable clinical heterogeneity, mostly age-dependent. Night blindness can occur in early childhood but usually later even though scotopic responses can be undetectable in the first decade of life while photopic responses are reduced on the ERG at all ages. Both rod and cone responses may be extinguished in later life. Visual acuity can be decreased beginning in early childhood and legal blindness usually occurs by the second or third decade of life. However, the loss of vision continues to progress and severe vision loss to finger-counting may be present in older individuals. A scallop-bordered lacunar atrophy may be seen in the midperiphery. The macula is only mildly involved by clinical examination although central retinal thinning is seen in all cases. Dyschromatopsia is mild early and usually becomes more severe. The visual fields are moderately to severely constricted although in younger individuals a typical ring scotoma is present. The peripheral retina contains ‘white dots’ and often resembles the retinal changes seen in retinitis punctate albescens.
Systemic Features
None reported.
Genetics
Inheritance
Homozygous mutations in the RLBP1 gene (15q26.1) are responsible for this disorder. Homozygous mutations in RLBP1 have also been found among patients with fundus albipunctatus (136880), retinitis punctata albescens, and in Bothnia type retinal dystrophy (607475),
NFRCD clinically resembles Bothnia type retinal dystrophy (607475) which likewise results from mutations in the RLBP1 gene but the maculae appear normal or have only a mild ‘beaten-bronze’ atrophy.
See Flecked Retina entry for somewhat similar conditions.
Pedigree
Autosomal recessive
In order for autosomal recessive disorders to be expressed, offspring generally must inherit two mutations, one from each carrier parent. Carriers with only one mutation, such as the parents, do not have clinical disease. Note that carrier parents can expect that 1 in 4 children (25%) will inherit both mutations and have the disorder, 2 in 4 children (50%) will be carriers like their parents, while 1 in 4 children (25%) inherit neither mutation.
In order for autosomal recessive disorders to be expressed, offspring generally must inherit two mutations, one from each carrier parent. Carriers with only one mutation, such as the parents, do not have clinical disease. Note that carrier parents can expect that 1 in 4 children (25%) will inherit both mutations and have the disorder, 2 in 4 children (50%) will be carriers like their parents, while 1 in 4 children (25%) inherit neither mutation.