PEHO-Like Syndrome

Clinical Characteristics
Ocular Features: 

Poor visual fixation and attention has been noted during the first 6 months of life.  Optic atrophy has been described and epicanthal folds may be present.

Systemic Features: 

General hypotonia with developmental delay and progressive microcephaly are evident in the first 6-12 months of life.  Seizures may be present at birth or within the first month of life.  Edema of the feet, hands, and face are also present at birth.  Cognitive deficits and motor delays are usually evident during infancy.  The central hypotonia may be accompanied by peripheral spasticity.  Kyphoscoliosis often develops.  Other dysmorphic features include micrognathia, narrow forehead, short nose, and open mouth.

Brain imaging reveals coarse pachygyria, polymicrogyria, and dilated ventricles with hypoplastic corpus callosum and pons.  Cerebellar hypoplasia was found in one child. 

Genetics

This presumed autosomal recessive disorder is associated with homozygous mutations in the CCDC88A gene (2p16.1).  Three affected children have been reported in a consanguineous family.

A somewhat similar disorder known as PEHO syndrome (260565) results from homozygous mutations in the ZNHIT3 gene. 

Treatment
Treatment Options: 

No treatment has been reported.

References
Article Title: 

The PEHO syndrome

Riikonen R. The PEHO syndrome. Brain Dev. 2001 Nov;23(7):765-9. Review.

PubMed ID: 
11701291

References

Nahorski MS, Asai M, Wakeling E, Parker A, Asai N, Canham N, Holder SE, Chen YC, Dyer J, Brady AF, Takahashi M, Woods CG. CCDC88A mutations cause PEHO-like syndrome in humans and mouse. Brain. 2016 Apr;139(Pt 4):1036-44.

PubMedID: 26917597

Riikonen R. The PEHO syndrome. Brain Dev. 2001 Nov;23(7):765-9. Review.

PubMedID: 11701291