OFCD syndrome

Microphthalmia, Syndromic 2

Clinical Characteristics

Ocular Features:

Microphthalmia with congenital cataracts are the outstanding ocular features of this syndrome. Some patients have glaucoma. Blepharophimosis, ptosis, and ankyloblepharon have also been reported.

Systemic Features:

Facial dysmorphism, dental anomalies and cardiac defects are consistently present. The face may appear elongated while the nose can be short with a broad tip and long philtrum. The primary teeth often persist into the second decade but oligodontia, hyperdontia, and dental radiculomegaly may be seen as well. Reported cardiac defects include ASD, VSD and floppy valves. Some patients have cleft palate. Renal, and intestinal malformations have also been described and some patients exhibit psychomotor delays.

Genetics

This is an X-linked disorder secondary to a mutation in the BCOR gene at Xp11.4. Because virtually all patients are female, it has been suggested that this is an X-linked dominant mutation with lethality in hemizygous males (mother-daughter transmission has been reported). This is one of several disorders [others being Incontinentia pigmenti (308300)and focal dermal hypoplasia (305600)] in which skewed X-chromosome inactivation has been demonstrated.

Pedigree:

X-linked dominant, father affected

X-linked dominant, mother affected

Treatment

Treatment Options:

Cataracts can be removed and glaucoma requires treatment.

References

Article Title:

Novel mutations in BCOR in three patients with oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome, but none in Lenz microphthalmia syndrome

Horn D, Chyrek M, Kleier S, Luttgen S, Bolz H, Hinkel GK, Korenke GC, Riess A, Schell-Apacik C, Tinschert S, Wieczorek D, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Kutsche K. Novel mutations in BCOR in three patients with oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome, but none in Lenz microphthalmia syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet. 2005 May;13(5):563-9.

PubMed ID:

15770227

Oculofaciocardiodental and Lenz microphthalmia syndromes result from distinct classes of mutations in BCOR

Ng D, Thakker N, Corcoran CM, Donnai D, Perveen R, Schneider A, Hadley DW, Tifft C, Zhang L, Wilkie AO, van der Smagt JJ, Gorlin RJ, Burgess SM, Bardwell VJ, Black GC, Biesecker LG. Oculofaciocardiodental and Lenz microphthalmia syndromes result from distinct classes of mutations in BCOR. Nat Genet. 2004 Apr;36(4):411-6.

PubMed ID:

15004558

Oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome: skewed X chromosome inactivation in mother and daughter suggest X-linked dominant Inheritance

Hedera P, Gorski JL. Oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome: skewed X chromosome inactivation in mother and daughter suggest X-linked dominant Inheritance. Am J Med Genet A. 2003 Dec 15;123A(3):261-6.

PubMed ID:

14608648

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