ADD3

Cerebral Palsy, Spastic Quadriplegic, 3

Clinical Characteristics
Ocular Features: 

One family with 4 affected sibs has been reported but without detailed information on ophthalmological findings.  Strabismus reported as exotropia in one individual, and "convergent retraction nystagmus" in another was present.  Supranuclear gaze palsy was described in one individual. 

Systemic Features: 

Borderline microcephaly has been reported.  Evidence for global neurologic disease, primarily spasticity, may be present as early as 3 months of age.  Intellectual disability ranges from borderline to severe.  Progression is somewhat variable but by the second decade there may be sufficient spastic quadriparesis and cognitive impairment that full time assistive care is required.  Dysarthria and dysphagia are also features and gastrostomy feeding tubes may be required to maintain nutrition.  Seizures are uncommon.

The MRI does not show major structural abnormalities and an EEG in one patient revealed only bifrontal spike-waves.

Genetics

This condition is caused by homozygous mutations in the ADD3 gene (10q24).

Pedigree: 
Autosomal recessive
Treatment
Treatment Options: 

No treatment is known.

References
Article Title: 

Mutations in gamma adducin are associated with inherited cerebral palsy

Kruer MC, Jepperson T, Dutta S, Steiner RD, Cottenie E, Sanford L, Merkens M, Russman BS, Blasco PA, Fan G, Pollock J, Green S, Woltjer RL, Mooney C, Kretzschmar D, Paisan-Ruiz C, Houlden H. Mutations in gamma adducin are associated with inherited cerebral palsy. Ann Neurol. 2013 Dec;74(6):805-14.

PubMed ID: 
23836506
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